Two cases of writing innovation : in Gaul and in Bactria

The following are two examples of how what we call 「Greek alphabet」 has been a more complex system of written communication in different parts of the world, for languages which were not Greek, and in societies which were not originally Hellenic. A script is not necessarily connected with only one language and the alphabet was … Continue reading Two cases of writing innovation : in Gaul and in Bactria

Against the Galileans – Fragment 24

I am coming back to this [1], and how the god has mixed the languages [2] up. Moses gives for reason that [the god] was afraid [men] could do something against him, having finished [the construction of] an access for them to the sky, all of them having the same language and the same thinking … Continue reading Against the Galileans – Fragment 24

Against the Galileans – Fragment 22

It is obvious then, that human beings [1] nature has customized specific laws [to each nation] to itself, political [2] and human laws among those by whom love of mankind has been nourrished more than anything [3], wild and inhuman [laws] among those whose personality’s nature is, since their beginning and in their inner side, … Continue reading Against the Galileans – Fragment 22

Against the Galileans – Fragment 21

But now, against these things, consider ours. Ours say that the creator is the common father and king of everyone, and by him have been divided the remaining parts of nations to ethnarch and protecting gods of cities, among which each one leads his own division as his own family. Thus, when everything is achieved … Continue reading Against the Galileans – Fragment 21

Against the Galileans – Fragment 17

On these things, the god is said malicious. Indeed, after he saw the man taking his part of the intelligence, in order that, he says, he wouldn’t taste the wood of life, he sent him out of the garden while precisely saying: [“Behold, Adam has become like one of us through knowing the beautiful [1] … Continue reading Against the Galileans – Fragment 17

Against the Galileans – Fragment 15

Then the snake conversing with Eve, which country’s language will we say him having used? Was it [1] human? And from the tales built among the Hellenes, in what these ones differ? [1] the language; διαλέκτῳ is feminine, thus the feminine adjective ανθρωπείᾳ Notice on text and translation. Τὸν γὰρ όфιν τὸν διαλεγόμενον πρὸς τὴν … Continue reading Against the Galileans – Fragment 15

Against the Galileans – notice on text and translation

All the sections taken from Flavius Claudius Julianus’s Against the Galileans are historically edited through comments by Cyril of Alexandria. We do not hold any piece from the original work written by Julian the philosopher – or Julian the apostate. Scholars believe that his writings have been censored and destroyed by ecclesiastic authorities when the … Continue reading Against the Galileans – notice on text and translation